Common material for hardware tools

Hardware tools are usually made of steel, copper, and rubber

钢：绝大多数的五金工具的材质是钢材

Steel: most of the hardware tools are made of steel

铜：有些防暴工具使用铜作为材质

Copper: some riot tools use copper as a material

橡胶：有些防暴工具使用橡胶作为材质

Rubber: some riot tools use rubber as material

如按化学成分来分，则可概括为碳素钢和合金钢两大类

If the chemical composition is divided, it can be summed up as two major categories of carbon steel and alloy steel.

按用途来划分，为结构钢、工具钢和特殊性能钢三大类

It is divided into three categories: structural steel, tool steel and special performance steel.

按质量来划分，为普通钢、优质钢和高级优质钢三类

According to the quality, the three types of ordinary steel, high quality steel and high quality steel are classified.

碳素钢

carbon steel

碳素钢的含碳量在1.5%以下，含碳量＜0.25%的钢叫做低碳钢、0.25%≤含碳量≤0.6%之间的钢叫做中碳钢、含碳量＞0.6%的钢叫做高碳钢。

The carbon content of carbon steel under 1.5%, the carbon content of the steel is called "0.25% low carbon steel, 0.25% carbon steel is less than or equal to 0.6% between carbon steel, carbon steel and high carbon steel is more than 0.6%.

由于磷和硫在低温或高温下能加大钢的脆性，故按质量来分类时要要规定钢中磷硫的含量。普通钢中，含磷量≤0.045%，含硫量≤0.055%。优质钢中，含磷量≤0.04%，含硫量≤0.045%。对于工具钢的磷、硫含量分别≤0.04%。在高级优质钢中，要求磷、硫含量分别≤0.03%。

Because phosphorus and sulfur can increase the brittleness of steel at low temperature or high temperature, the content of phosphorus and sulfur in steel should be defined when the quality is classified. Ordinary steel, containing less than 0.045% sulfur content less than 0.055%. High quality steel, phosphorus content is less than 0.04%, the sulfur content of less than 0.045%. The sulfur content of tool steel, P = 0.04% respectively. In high-grade steel, phosphorus and sulfur content requirements were less than 0.03%.

碳素结构钢主要用于制造各种工程构件（如桥梁、船舶和建筑等的构件）和机器零件（如齿轮、轴和连杆等），一般属于低碳和中碳钢。

Carbon structural steel is mainly used for manufacturing various engineering components (such as bridge, ship and building components) and machine parts, such as gears, shafts and connecting rods, etc., generally belonging to low carbon and medium carbon steel.

碳素工具钢主要用语制造各种刀具、量具、摸具和五金工具，一般属于高碳钢。碳素工具钢的钢号用“T”表示，如T7表示含碳量为0.7%的碳素合金工具钢。优质碳素工具钢，在数字后面加“A”来表示，如“T7 A”。

Carbon tool steel is the main language for making various tools, measuring tools, touching tools and hardware tools, generally belonging to high carbon steel. Carbon tool steel steel with "T", as T7 said carbon carbon alloy tool steel 0.7%. High quality carbon tool steel is represented by "A" after the number, such as "T7 A".

甲类钢，这类钢按保证机械性能供应。共有1-7级，数字愈大的甲类钢，其屈服强度和抗拉强度愈大，但延伸率却愈小。

Class a steel. This kind of steel is supplied as a guarantee of mechanical properties. With a total of 1-7 grades, the greater the number of a steel, the greater the yield strength and tensile strength, but the smaller the elongation.

乙类钢，这类钢按保证化学成分供应。共有1-7级，数字愈大的乙类钢，其含碳量愈高。

Class B steel, this kind of steel is supplied by chemical composition. With a total of 1-7 grades, the greater the number of the B steel, the higher the carbon content.

合金钢

Alloy steel

为提高钢的机械性能、工艺性能或物理性、化学性能，在冶炼时特意往钢中加入一些合金元素，这种钢称为合金钢。合金工具钢的平均含碳量≥1.0%时则含碳量不予标出，平均含碳量＜1.0%时，以万分之几表示。

In order to improve mechanical properties, process properties, physical and chemical properties of steel, some alloying elements are added to steel during smelting, which is called alloy steel. The average carbon content of more than 1% alloy tool steel when the carbon content is not marked, the average carbon content is less than 1%, with very few said.

钢中合金元素总量＜5%称为低合金钢， 5%≤合金元素总量≤10%称为中合金钢，合金元素总量＞10%称为高合金钢。

The total amount of the alloying elements in steel called < 5% low-alloy steel, 5% less than the total less than 10% alloy elements known as alloy steel, alloy elements called 10%, the total amount of high alloy steel.

合金钢可以获得碳素钢难以达到的机械性能。

Alloy steel can obtain mechanical properties that are difficult to achieve in carbon steel.

铬：增加钢的淬透性并改善耐磨性和提高硬度。

Chromium: increase the hardenability of steel and improve the wear resistance and increase the hardness.

钒：对改善钢的硬度、耐磨性和韧性有很大的贡献，特别是对提高钢的耐磨性最为有效。

Vanadium: it has a great contribution to improving the hardness, wear resistance and toughness of steel, especially for improving the wear resistance of steel.

钼：能改善钢的淬透性和回火稳定性，细化晶粒改善碳化物不均匀性，从而提高钢的强度和韧性。

Mo: it can improve the hardenability and tempering stability of the steel, refine the grain and improve the nonuniformity of carbides, thus improve the strength and toughness of the steel.

五金工具常用的钢材

Steels used in hardware tools

由于合金工具钢具有特殊的机械性能所以通常中高档的五金工具采用合金工具钢材质。主要是适用于工具使用率高和对工具要求比高的汽修厂、汽车厂、电厂和工矿企业等。

Because of the special mechanical properties of the alloy tool steel, the alloy tool steel is usually used in the middle and high grade hardware tools. It is mainly applicable to the steam repair plant, automobile factory, power plant and industrial and mining enterprises which have high tool use rate and higher tool requirements.

低档次的五金工具通常采用碳素工具钢，它具有价格低廉的优势。主要是适用于使用率不高的家庭用户和对工具要求不高的行业。

Carbon tool steel is usually used in low grade hardware tools, which has the advantage of low price. It is mainly suitable for household users with low utilization rate and not high demand for tools.

S2合金钢（一般用于制作旋具头、螺丝批）

S2 alloy steel (usually used for making screwdriver, screwdriver)

铬钼钢（一般用于制作螺丝批）

Cr Mo steel (commonly used to make screwdriver)

铬钒钢（一般用于制作套筒、扳手、钳子）

(usually used in the production of chrome vanadium steel sleeve, wrenches, pliers)

碳钢（一般用于制作低档次的工具）

Carbon steel (usually used for making low grade tools)